Российские хлебопеки оказались в катастрофической ситуации

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Многие индустриальные предприятия работают на грани банкротства Поделиться

В хлебопекарной отрасли сложилась критическая ситуация. За последние три года обанкротилось около 50 индустриальных предприятий. В следующем году могут закрыться еще несколько хлебозаводов, работающих сегодня на грани рентабельности. При этом в России, особенно в экономически бедных регионах, устойчиво растет потребление социального продукта №1, для многих людей хлеб остается основной едой.

Российские хлебопеки оказались в катастрофической ситуации

Фото: sochi.ru

«В 2021 году из-за пандемии многие индустриальные хлебокомбинаты зафиксировали убытки, средняя доходность находилась в районе нулевой отметки. В текущем году на фоне беспрецедентных санкций в отношении нашей страны общая рентабельность большинства производств, по прогнозам профильных экспертов, будет находиться на самом низком уровне», — заявил на конференции «Хлебопекарное производство в РФ-2022» президент Российского союза пекарей (РСП) Алексей Лялин. По его словам, несмотря на хороший урожай зерновых в текущем году, хлебопекарные предприятия не ощутили особых преференций от падения цен на муку. «Но зато в уходящем году мы ощущали кратные повышения цен на ингредиенты, материалы, упаковку и автотехнику — в результате отрасль генерировала убытки», — отметил президент РСП.

Рост цен на топливо, транспорт, запчасти также сильно удорожает логистику хлебопекарных предприятий. «За последние годы стоимость «Газелей» выросла с 1 до 3,3 млн руб. А износ автотехники за 10–15 лет — до 100%, — сообщила гендиректор ЗАО «Хлеб» (г. Тверь) Нина Болгова. — При том что доставка по Тверской области может составлять по плохим дорогам 500 км и более. Большинство индустриальных хлебопекарных предприятий не имеют средств для обновления парка».

«Отрасль начинает испытывать кадровый голод. Молодежь в городах отвыкла работать физически и не хочет становиться к печам. В результате частичной мобилизации образовался дефицит водителей», — рассказала «МК» ректор Международной промышленной академии Ольга Ильина. Несмотря на «букет» проблем, по ее словам, хлебопеки не допустили дефицита хлеба и хлебобулочных изделий, «ассортимент в основном сохранен». Чтобы выжить в сложных условиях, производители традиционных сортов хлеба активно осваивают т.н. европейское направление — выпускают полюбившиеся молодежи багеты, чиабатту и круассаны.

Продолжается искусственное сдерживание роста цен на социальный продукт №1. В результате — у хлебопеков самая низкая рентабельность, самые низкие зарплаты в пищевой индустрии. Как полагает владелец крупнейшего в стране БКХ «Коломенский» Алексей Тулупов, ограничение розничной наценки на хлеб при резком росте себестоимости и подорожании ингредиентов у производителей может привести к разорению хлебопекарной отрасли: «Если завтра мука подорожает на 20%, а цены поднимать запретят, то все разорятся. Просто хлеба не будет ни за какие деньги», — предупредил Тулупов.

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Президент РСП Лялин предложил два варианта спасения индустрии: «Если через государственное регулирование, то надо всю продукцию дотировать от поля до полки, как было в СССР. Прежняя помощь государства хлебопекам в виде 2,5 руб. на 1 кг продукции помогла в какой-то степени компенсировать часть затрат производителей. Хотя далеко не все ее приняли из-за страха — если цены на производные хлеба (мука, сахар, масло, транспорт, оборудование и т.д.) резко пойдут вверх, взявший субсидию хлебокомбинат цены на свою продукцию поднять не сможет. Но сегодня этого явно недостаточно. По оценке РСП, размер госсубсидии в нынешних условиях должен составлять минимум 10 руб. на 1 кг выпускаемой продукции».

Второй путь — отказ от регулирования цен в пользу адресной помощи нуждающимся в ней слоям населения. «И не надо никого пугать словом «социальная карта», которая сегодня успешно применяется для финансовой помощи пенсионерам и студентам», — пояснил «МК» Лялин.

Последнюю инициативу, как выяснил «МК», поддержали депутаты Госдумы. Как сообщил «МК» зампредседателя комитета ГД по экономполитике Станислав Наумов: «Есть несколько интересных решений адресной целевой помощи, которые хорошо себя зарекомендовали в Москве, Санкт-Петербурге, Ульяновске, других крупных городах. Лучшие программы поддержки многодетным и социально незащищенным семьям можно распространить на другие регионы. Тогда инфляционные процессы, происходящие на продовольственном рынке, не будут так остро ощущаться производителями. У них будет ресурс от государства». Депутат также отметил необходимость в условиях санкций снижения административного давления на производителей, избыточного контроля и надзора.

До новогодних праздников хлебопеки обещают не повышать цены на свою продукцию. Что будет с ценником и кто будет печь хлеб в следующем году, никто не знает. Многое будет зависеть от решений чиновников. Не опоздали бы они с этими решениями. Ложка, как говорится, дорога к обеду.

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  78. Nandrolone decanoate and nandrolone phenpropionate are both recognized for
    their increased ratio of anabolic activity compared to androgenic exercise.
    Nandrolone decanoate is a slow-acting anabolic steroid that’s
    particularly designed to extend muscle mass. It works by selling nitrogen retention in muscle tissue, which finally ends up in an increase in muscle size.

    There is drastically increased issue for physicians when dealing with other anabolic steroids since almost all of them usually are not sanctioned
    for medical purposes or even human use. However, there is a
    large rising population who has used or continues to
    use these agents. This creates the need for a
    higher understanding of those medicine, especially within the
    context of screening for antagonistic well being results.

    During the present time, there is not any formal evidence-based steerage on screening anabolic steroid users for varied pathologies.
    Physicians are likely to rely on national screening tips as
    a result of lack of proof on primary prevention on this patient inhabitants.
    Elevated recognition of AAS and improved knowledge of this
    affected person inhabitants is essential, significantly on condition that over 1 million People
    have used anabolic steroids [4]. It outcomes from distortion of the androgen-estrogen steadiness throughout or
    after administration of AAS.
    We detected an abnormally high glutamine/glutamate metabolite ratio (Kaufman et al., 2015).
    As A Outcome Of glutamine is a catabolite of glutamate, we interpreted the excessive glutamine/glutamate ratios in AAS customers to mirror increased glutamate turnover (e.g., greater
    glutamate launch and/or lower glutamate reuptake, resulting in increased glutamate catabolism to glutamine).
    Nandrolone, like a quantity of other AAS, induces excess oxidative stress (see section 6.1 and
    Table 1), which reduces GLT-1 expression and performance (Trotti et
    al., 1996, 1997; Blanc et al., 1998; Keller et al.,
    1997). Excessive glutamate levels inhibit protein phosphatase
    2A (Yi et al., 2005, 2008), an enzyme that reduces
    tau-P ranges by dephosphorylation (see section 7.7), and thus
    high glutamate ranges in AAS customers may improve tau-P
    levels and risk for growing AD/ADRD.
    E2 additionally inactivates GSK3β (Cardona-Gomez et al., 2004; Goodenough
    et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2013) and thus may improve Nrf2 activity and inhibit Aβ and
    tau-P formation. Accordingly, GSK3β exercise and its deleterious results could additionally be increased in hypogonadal men as a outcome of depletion of T and E2.
    Collectively, the results described above illustrate essential interrelationships amongst T, E2, oxidative stress, Aβ, and tau-P ranges,
    that are regulated by GSK3β activity, and indicate that physiological ranges of
    T or E2 might help limit oxidative stress, Aβ, and tau-P
    formation. In animals, older male rhesus macaques with low T
    levels have elevated blood oxidative stress biomarkers and older females with low estradiol (E2) levels exhibit comparable effects (Ibáñez-Contreras et al., 2018).
    Collectively, the literature signifies that each high and low departures from
    the eugonadal state induce extra oxidative stress. More extreme androgen reductions,
    induced by therapeutic castration of men, substantially increased plasma Aβ40 ranges (Gandy
    et al., 2001; Almeida et al., 2004) and nearly doubled the danger for creating AD inside 4 years (Nead et
    al., 2016; Jhan et al., 2017). Equally, mind, CSF, and plasma Aβ levels had
    been elevated in castrated male rats, guinea pigs, and Alzheimer’s
    mannequin 3xTg mice, and androgen normalization with T or
    DHT attenuated Aβ will increase in these fashions (Ramsden et al.,
    2003; Rosario et al., 2006, 2010, 2012; Wahjoepramono et al., 2008).

    This might lead to early-onset accumulation of those proteins in brain and elevated risk for
    creating Alzheimer’s Disease and its related
    dementias. When utilized in supraphysiological doses, the mechanism of motion of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) is marked
    by a disruption in testosterone biosynthesis within tissues.
    Androgenic steroids have been used for a number of non-FDA-approved indications,
    together with bone marrow stimulation in circumstances of
    leukemia, aplastic anemia, and kidney failure, as properly as to advertise development and stimulate appetite.

    The HAARLEM research, however, found no interaction between blood strain and echocardiographic parameters – most likely because the rise was gentle and of relatively short duration (97).

    Future research is necessary to explore the efficacy of
    blood pressure-lowering medicine in this group of patients as no trial to
    date has evaluated this. When considering pharmacological treatment,
    angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) may be preferrable over other blood pressure-lowering treatment as they don’t affect
    train capability (98). Moreover, they are not on the present list of prohibited substances and strategies of the World Anti-Doping Association, which could – sarcastically – be relevant
    for some AAS customers. Alternatively, or additionally, calcium channel blockers are a most popular selection in athletes (98).

    Dromostanolone works by growing the retention of nitrogen, phosphorus,
    and potassium, which ends up in elevated protein anabolism and a decrease within the catabolism of amino
    acids. This results in an increase in the density and hardness of muscle
    tissue, which may be helpful for bodybuilders looking to enhance their physical look.
    Surveys of weightlifters have documented
    the concurrent use of a number of drugs, employed in a cyclic
    trend for a interval of weeks; the dose used is
    usually 2-8 instances higher than the therapeutic
    dose range. The use of multiple drugs tremendously increases unwanted aspect effects and dangers to
    the consumer.
    Gynecomastia usually develops during puberty, with a reported
    peak incidence of 65% in 14-year-old boys (198).
    The situation stays prevalent throughout maturity, with one examine reporting gynecomastia in 40.5% of healthy younger males aged 18–26 years (199) and
    another reporting detectable palpable breast tissue in 36% of healthy adult males aged 16–58 years (200).
    While palpable, within the great majority of circumstances the gynecomastia was small in measurement.

    If the sperm rely is severely compromised 6 months after the final injection and the affected person denies AAS use in the final
    months, blood needs to be examined to check gonadotrophin and testosterone levels.

    As stated previously, the recovery phase
    after latest AAS use is characterized by low gonadotrophins, low testosterone and low SHBG levels.
    If gonadotrophin ranges are elevated, particularly
    if FSH is disproportionally elevated compared to LH, primary
    gonadal dysfunction, unrelated to steroid abuse, should be suspected.

    References:

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