Как выбрать фильтр для воды

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Содержание

Для получения питьевой воды в домашних условиях есть фильтры для воды под мойку двух типов — проточные картриджные и с использованием технологии обратного осмоса (обратноосмотическая система). Эти стационарные модели внешне очень похожи. Они состоят из нескольких пластиковых колб-корпусов, в которых располагаются фильтрующие элементы. Обратноосмотическая система имеет дополнительную колбу с мембраной.

Как выбрать фильтр для воды

Картриджная и обратноосмотическая система — в чём разница

Основное отличие системы обратного осмоса в применении особой полупроницаемой мембраны. Вся суть этого очищения в том, что через очень маленькие поры мембраны проходят только молекулы воды. Растворённые в ней органические и неорганические вещества просто не проходят. Задерживается всё, вплоть до бактерий и микробов.

Степень очищения воды системами обратного осмоса — 98–99%. То есть, на выходе получаем практически дистилированную воду, не имеющую ни вкуса, ни запаха. Длительное употребление такой жидкости приводит к вымыванию солей из организма. Потому на выходе системы обратного осмоса ставят минерализатор, в некоторых моделях он есть сразу в комплектации. Это дополнительная колба, в которой находится засыпка из полезных минеральных веществ. Она обогащает состав воды, доводит её до нормы.

При использовании стационарных проточных картриджных фильтров под мойку, настолько чистой воды вы не получите. Обратный осмос убирает соли, а проточные фильтры (и кувшины тоже) удаляют их частично. Разница понятна и ощущается на вкус. К тому же после проточного фильтра накипь в чайнике остаётся, но она имеет другой характер, становится более рыхлой и легко удаляется.

При использовании картриджных фильтров нельзя сказать, что очищение плохое (порядка 70–80% против 95–98% у обратного осмоса), но без наличия ступени бактериальной очистки (есть такие фильтрующие элементы с добавками серебра) пить её без кипячения может быть рискованно.

Особенности эксплуатации

По сути, картриджные системы, и системы обратного осмоса многоступенчатые фильтры, что предполагает регулярную замену фильтрующих элементов. Каждый такой элемент имеет определённый ресурс, который указывается обычно в литрах, это сколько воды он может переработать без потери качества. Или часто параллельно указывают временной интервал полгода, год и т. п. То есть, даже если фильтр не отработал свой ресурс, его надо менять. Просто в них накапливаются микроорганизмы, которые при нарушении сроков могут в массовом количестве попасть в воду.

Есть и другая ситуация, вода ухудшается по качеству ещё до указанного временного интервала и ресурса. Происходит это при повышенном уровне загрязнений и фильтр вырабатывает свой ресурс намного быстрее. Выхода два: менять фильтрующие элементы по мере загрязнения или поставить перед установкой дополнительную ступень очистки, решающую данную проблему.

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Особенности выбора

Картриджная система хороша тем, что можно подбирать фильтрующие элементы в зависимости от состава воды (речь идёт об обеих системах). Потому перед покупкой имеет смысл сделать анализ воды, а потом подбирать состав фильтров, чтобы целенаправленно убирать существующую проблему. Например, системы обратного осмоса плохо работают на воде с большим содержанием железа. Если у вас такая проблема, перед установкой надо ставить оборудование для удаления железа (аэрационные установки или каталитические фильтры) и только после них уже можно подключать фильтры с обратным осмосом.

Второй момент: для нормальной работы обратного осмоса требуется приличное давление. В зависимости от типа мембраны требуется 1,5 атм (50G) или не менее 3 Атм (100G). Если в вашем водопроводе такого давления нет, надо или установку брать с насосом (дорогие и немногочисленные), или ставить в систему насос, повышающий давление.

Обратный осмос подключается к канализации. Туда он сливает концентрат солей, которые удаляются из воды. Если вы планируете установку в частном доме, и у вас сливная яма или накопительная ёмкость, вам надо иметь это в виду. В канализацию уходит приличный объём, на каждый литр очищенной воды сливается 2–4 литра концентрата (зависит от жёсткости). Многоступенчатый картриджный фильтр подключается только к водопроводу, а все выведенные им соли остаются в фильтрах.

Так как обратный осмос удаляет практически все соли, при длительном употреблении такой воды соли из организма выводятся. Чтобы решить эту проблему на выходе фильтра ставят минерализатор — это колба с засыпкой из минеральных солей. Она может идти в сборке, а можно её поставить уже после фильтра. Только надо сказать, что пить воду без минерализации приятнее, чем «подсоленную», лучше получается и вкус у блюд на такой воде. Потому многие производители предусматривают два режима работы — с минерализатором или без (переключается краном).

Вот вроде вся информация, которая может каким-то образом повлиять на ваш выбор между многоступенчатым фильтром очистки и обратным осмосом. Сказать конкретно, что эти фильтры для воды устанавливаемые на кухне хороши, а эти нет, никто из специалистов не скажет. У каждого своя точка зрения, и для каждого лучше свой вариант. Да и каждая система имеет свои плюсы.

ЭТО МОЖЕТ БЫТЬ ИНТЕРЕСНОЕЩЕ ОТ АВТОРА

19 КОММЕНТАРИИ

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