Эксперты разошлись с Путиным в оценке льготной ипотеки

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«Больше минусов, чем плюсов»

Льготная ипотека на новостройки подхлестнула цены на жилье, пожаловались Владимиру Путину в ходе «Прямой линии». «Что, разве было бы лучше этого не делать?» — отреагировал он, оценив роль прошлогоднего начинания правительства как исключительно благую. Льготной ипотекой воспользовались свыше полумиллиона человек, поэтому было решено продлить меру на год, чуть увеличив процентную ставку, напомнил президент. Эксперты считают ситуацию не столь однозначной.

Эксперты разошлись с Путиным в оценке льготной ипотеки

К слову, на фоне ажиотажного спроса на жилищные займы совокупная задолженность россиян по ипотеке превысила в прошлом году 9 трлн рублей, что стало абсолютным рекордом для страны. Причем спрос повышался параллельно с ростом цен на квартиры. Осенью 2020-го они подскочили на 4,1%, а в секторе новостроек стоимость квадратного метра взлетела на 8,6%. Как заявил Путин, «это в некоторой степени неизбежно и связано с предложением и потребностями граждан». 

«У программы больше минусов, чем плюсов, — рассуждает руководитель ИАЦ «Альпари» Александр Разуваев. — В принципе, любое вмешательство государства в процесс рыночного ценообразования есть зло. Льготная ипотека ведет к завышению стоимости недвижимости, несправедливой оценке данных активов. Кстати, далеко не все берут ипотеку, кто-то предпочитает не рисковать, а накопить на квартиру в акциях и банковских депозитах. Они от действий государства только потеряли. Благими намерениями вымощена дорога в ад».

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С одной стороны, благодаря льготной ипотеке многим людям, особенно в регионах, удалось наконец решить жилищный вопрос, говорит ведущий эксперт Института современного развития Никита Масленников. Кроме того, по его словам, программа стала явным подспорьем для застройщиков, которые по объемам ввода недвижимости почти вернулись на допандемический уровень. Что касается негативных последствий, то главное – это резкое подорожание жилья: за прошлый год на 20%, с января по апрель 2021-го – уже на 17,6%. То есть, граждане изначально рассчитывали приобрести вполне определенное количество квадратных метров жилплощади, а по факту получалось меньше. Другой минус: усиление совокупной долговой нагрузки населения до 11,9% и надувание пузыря на рынке потребительского кредитования, резюмирует Масленников.

Между тем, сегодня активность покупателей идет на спад. Это связано с двумя обстоятельствами: во-первых, с повышением ставки по льготной ипотеке с 6,5% до 7%, во-вторых, с ограничением суммы льготных кредитов до 3 млн рублей во всех регионах. Частные инвесторы, приобретающие квартиры с целью дальнейшей реализации или сдачи в аренду, теряют интерес к этому способу вложения средств.

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