Биобатарея из живых бактерий сохранит заряд до 100 лет

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Биобатарея из живых бактерий сохранит заряд до 100 лет

Исследователи из Бингемтонского университета разработали технологию создания батарей с предельно долгими сроками хранения без потери энергии. Расчеты показывают, что такая батарея в закрытом состоянии может пролежать не менее 100 лет, а после активации будет отдавать заряд. Хитрость в том, что внутри не химические элементы, а живое существо – эдакий «дух батареи».

На самом деле, устройство правильнее назвать биогенератором, потому что энергия здесь выделяется тогда, когда бактерия Bacillus subtilis начинает создавать споры. Бактерия живет и размножается – происходит генерация энергии. Однако ресурсы бактерии не бесконечны, поэтому ученые придумали механизм активации, который основан на добавлении воды. В сухой среде бактерии неактивны и могут пребывать в таком состоянии годами.

Бактерии поместили в графеновый гидрогель, чрезвычайно гигроскопичный материал. Наружную поверхность батареи оклеили каптоновой лентой, которая выдерживает перепады температуры от -296 до 399 °C. Пока лента на месте, батарея неактивна, но если ее снять, гидрогель начинает поглощать влагу из атмосферы, бактерии оживают, появляются споры — а с ними и энергия.

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В пассивном режиме для выхода на полную мощность батарее нужно около часа, нагрев сокращает время до 20 минут. Энергии хватит для питания только самых маломощных датчиков, зато без нагрузки такая батарея после хранения в течение недели при комнатной температуре потеряет всего 2 % заряда. Подобные устройства называются «микробные топливные элементы» и у них огромный потенциал.

Профессор Сокхен Чхве из Бингемтонского университета

3 КОММЕНТАРИИ

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