Украина готова закачать в свои трубы любой газ, кроме российского

83
501

Эксперт Юшков: «Интрига вокруг газового транзита через Украину будет сохраняться до последнего дня» Поделиться

Судьба транзита российского газа в Европу через Украину остается под большим вопросом. По мере приближения к дате 31 декабря, когда истекает срок действия текущего договора на прокачку, ситуация становится все более странной, противоречивой и непредсказуемой. Непосредственно причастные к транзиту стороны ведут себя настолько по-разному, что это создает почву для реализации абсолютно любых сценариев.

Украина готова закачать в свои трубы любой газ, кроме российского

В частности, ключевые газовые компании из стран Центральной Европы подписали декларацию в поддержку продолжения транзита через Украину в 2025 году, сообщает Bloomberg. Документ адресован президенту Европейской комиссии (ЕК) Урсуле фон дер Ляйен. В нем сказано, что остановка поставок нанесет региону «значительный экономический ущерб в ближайшем будущем», серьезно пострадает и украинская газовая инфраструктура. Между тем, как пишет Bloomberg со ссылкой на источники в Брюсселе, сама ЕК не заинтересована в сохранении транзита.

Ранее, еще в октябре, официальный Киев устами премьер-министра Дениса Шмыгаля четко дал понять, что не собирается продлевать договор с «Газпромом» после 2024 года. А 12 декабря украинский министр энергетики Герман Галущенко заявил: «Наша позиция полностью открыта: мы готовимся к нулевому транзиту с 1 января».

-И все же интрига будет сохраняться до последнего дня, — рассуждает эксперт Финансового университета при правительстве РФ Игорь Юшков. – Транзит может как прерваться, так и возобновиться впоследствии. Сейчас фактически идет торг между Украиной и Европой, а риторику премьера Шмыгаля иначе как шантажом не назовешь. Он прямо говорит: «Если Еврокомиссия официально обратится к Украине относительно транзита любого газа, кроме российского, мы готовы это обсуждать и реализовывать соответствующие договорённости на основе принципов энергетической безопасности».

-Что означают слова «кроме российского»?

-Это важнейший момент. Шмыгаль имеет в виду не происхождение газа, речь идет о праве собственности. Киев хочет добиться от европейских компаний, чтобы те подписали с «Газпромом» дополнительное соглашение, согласно которому право собственности на газ переходило бы покупателям не в Австрии (как это практиковалось еще с советских времен), а на украинско-российской границе. Ведь тогда получится, что на территорию Украины будет заходить европейское сырье. Это позволит Киеву спокойно обсуждать дальнейшую судьбу транзита. Не зря же Шмыгаль использует вполне конкретные формулировки типа «мы не будем продлевать контракт именно с «Газпромом, договариваться с Россией». Соответственно, Москва может подписать допсоглашение с европейскими компаниями хоть 31 декабря о переносе точки сдачи-приемки, а Киев в тот же день – объявить о проведении аукционов на транзит газа. В этом случае европейцы как собственники придут на аукцион и возьмут себе столько объемов, сколько им нужно.

ЧИТАТЬ ТАКЖЕ:  «Перекос на рынке труда»: сменить работу в 2025 году планирует почти треть россиян

-Выходит, сейчас Украина стремится максимально повышать ставки в этой игре, своей «непримиримой» риторикой добиваясь от европейцев скорейшего подписания допсоглашения с «Газпромом»?

-В Европе тоже понимают подоплеку действий Киева. С одной стороны, это соглашение позволит ему добиться благоприятного для себя медийного эффекта и сохранить лицо. Мол, мы обещали не продлевать транзитный договор с враждебной Россией и сделали это. Зато договорились с дружественным Евросоюзом. На самом деле Украине крайне важно сохранить транзит: во-первых, она получает за него деньги, во-вторых, к нему привязана система внутреннего газоснабжения, что позволяет отбирать газ из трубы во время отопительного сезона и снабжать свои регионы. Кстати, подобный маневр Киев уже опробовал в отношении российской нефти, введя санкции против поставщика в РФ, которому в итоге пришлось заключить допсоглашение с венгерской нефтегазовой компанией MOL. Точка сдачи-приемки нефти была перенесена на белорусско-украинскую границу, где нефтепровод «Дружба» заходит теперь на территорию Украины, причем формально с венгерской, а не с российской нефтью.

-Существует ли в Евросоюзе солидарная позиция в отношении транзита?

-Руководители наднациональных органов ЕС, в лице Урсулы фон дер Ляйен или еврокомиссара по энергетике Дэна Йоргенсена убеждены, что альянс прекрасно обойдется без российского газа. А вот на уровне национальных правительств – в той же самой Австрии или Словакии – мыслят иначе. Там хорошо осознают все риски: дефицит газа взвинтит цены, ударит по экономикам, а расхлебывать придется им, а вовсе не Брюсселю. В разгар отопительного сезона стоимость газа на континенте может уйти выше тысячи долларов за тысячу кубометров. А что касается гипотетических сценариев с азербайджанским или казахстанским газом, я бы их вообще не рассматривал. Речь идет о том, чтобы какая-нибудь компания, например, азербайджанская SOCAR, приняла участие в аукционе от лица «Газпрома» и купила у Украины транзитные объемы. Но, судя по заявлению Шмыгаля, такая схема не устраивает Киев. Ведь тогда по территории Украины пойдет собственность России.        

ЭТО МОЖЕТ БЫТЬ ИНТЕРЕСНОЕЩЕ ОТ АВТОРА

83 КОММЕНТАРИИ

  50. Moreover, keeping an everyday and rigorous train plan is another pillar to seeing your desired results.
    Regardless of the goal—be it chopping fat or gaining lean muscle mass—exercise is a non-negotiable a half
    of the equation. Workouts that mix cardio, flexibility, and energy training can all assist to extend the advantages that
    the supplement provides. Whereas deciding on the dosage,
    additionally pay consideration to the potential benefits and be
    prepared to regulate accordingly.
    Winstrol, for instance, is known for its potent results on energy
    and lean muscle acquire, much like Anavar. Nevertheless, Winstrol carries the next risk of virilization and can be extra harsh on the physique, notably
    by means of joint discomfort and liver stress.
    Primobolan, then again, is usually considered even milder than Anavar by means of side effects but
    could also be less potent in producing rapid power positive aspects and body composition adjustments.
    The alternative between these compounds usually comes all the
    means down to particular person goals, risk tolerance, and how one’s
    physique responds to each substance. Whereas Anavar is commonly
    touted as one of the mildest anabolic steroids for ladies, it
    is essential to know that its use still carries potential side
    effects and dangers.
    Further, the physique will appear tougher, tighter
    and all-in-all carry and possess a more pleasing look.
    Earlier Than any lady will increase complete
    Anavar dosages past the 10mg range she must be comfortable at this initial dose
    and creep up in 5mg marks earlier than making a full leap to 20mg per day.
    When planning a Primobolan cycle, it’s crucial to grasp the characteristics of the steroid,
    its interplay with the physique, and the anticipated outcomes.
    Customers usually search the lean muscle gains it reputedly delivers, alongside its purported delicate impact on estrogen levels,
    which may reduce the chance of some opposed
    effects. As with any anabolic steroid, a Primobolan cycle must be approached with a transparent plan that features dosages,
    cycle length, and consideration for other compounds that might
    be used in conjunction. It Is also value evaluating Anavar
    to non-steroidal efficiency enhancers which may be popular amongst ladies.

    Compounds like Clenbuterol, whereas not anabolic steroids, are sometimes used
    for their fat-burning properties.
    All these elements work collectively to increase protein synthesis which boosts muscle growth and repair and reduces exercise-induced
    irritation. Yam is a fiber-rich ingredient
    that curbs urge for food and helps scale back
    physique weight and composition. It Is important to note that Anavar is a gentle steroid,
    and it’s generally well-tolerated by ladies. However, it is all the time beneficial to watch the physique’s response to the
    drug closely.
    Additionally, Anavar should not be used by women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or
    planning to become pregnant, because it poses risks to the fetus or toddler, including potential birth defects.
    Ofcourse, for this they must follow a strict lifestyle and do exercises.
    The market is flooded with energy enhancing supplements and
    pills however all of them are marketed for the «men» and not
    «women». We deal only with real high-quality steroids, sourced from reliable manufacturers.
    Clenbutrol is a legal alternative to clenbuterol, which is
    an FDA-approved compound formulated by Crazy Bulk. Sufferers struggling more severely from respiratory points might
    take four 20-mcg pills per day.
    Albuterol sulfate (also referred to as salbutamol) is a
    beta-2 adrenergic agonist, like clenbuterol. Clenbuterol can additionally be stacked with Cytomel (synthetic T3) to reinforce fats burning.
    Cytomel is a prescription medication for hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid).

    Each follow-up cycle from this level onward can begin at the most dose for continued progress.
    In one journal, a healthy 25-year-old man was rushed to the
    ER after taking 20 mcg of clenbuterol (6).
    Thus, it could be a side impact for some but a boon for these affected by low libido points.
    As mentioned above, some of the extreme unwanted facet
    effects of Anavar, when taken in a heavy dosage for an extended cycle, may end up in virilization or the
    development of male-like options. As a client, you have to just make sure you are getting premium-quality Anavar
    if you order it.
    This designated timeframe establishes a consistent opportunity for Anavar to effectively
    exert its influence on the physique, making certain that its effects are maximized
    inside this secure window of us. Anavar is commonly regarded as one
    of the best steroids for ladies due to its ability to burn fat while maintaining muscle.

    Different steroids, like Winstrol, can additionally be
    effective however might carry a higher risk of side effects.
    In The End, the best steroid for you’ll rely on your targets and tolerance.
    Half-life of Anavar is around 6-9 hours, so the plan is to take about
    two to four evenly spaced doses throughout the day.

  51. I didn’t actually expertise some other noticeable benefits throughout this time; nevertheless, I was told by a quantity of people that I was wanting youthful with
    out them figuring check out this blog post from Valley MD concerning the CJC-1295/Ipamorelin peptides.
    My package came with two information, one with bacteriostatic water and
    the other with peptide powder. After conversing with my
    physician to understand how a lot water to combine in with the two peptides, and confirming my daily CJC1295 and Ipamorelin dosage and schedule,
    I was ready to do my first therapy. Almost everybody that I noticed making movies touting
    the fantastic benefits of the CJC-1295/Ipamorelin peptides also gave the impression to be promoting it or
    financially invested in selling it. Well, that doesn’t necessarily negate what they’re saying concerning the super good thing about the peptides;
    it does slightly bitter my opinion on whether or not I suppose it’s reliable.

    No, analysis reveals ipamorelin does not elevate the catabolic
    hormone cortisol or impression cortisol rhythms, which
    is a side impact seen with some associated GH peptides.

    I’ve been prescribed sermorelin for the past three.5 months and I can honestly say it’s modified my life.
    30 y/o male, 5’6″ 180lbs powerlifter, all around heathy however just felt like I’ve at all times slept poorly and lacked vitality considering my wholesome lifestyle. GH and IGF-1 promote collagen synthesis, cartilage regeneration, and connective tissue health. Sermorelin helps maintain youthful appearance and joint integrity, significantly in growing older or high-stress individuals. The FDA has not authorized ipamorelin for widespread use outside of analysis and certain scientific settings. This indicates that virtually all of shoppers buy it from suppliers of research chemicals, whose high quality and purity range greatly.
    As Ipamorelin stimulates increased progress hormone manufacturing, it additionally helps to improve testosterone, which leads to increased muscle mass and improved sexual health. In the Sermorelin vs. CJC-1295 vs. Ipamorelin debate, the «winner» truly is decided by your individual goals and life-style. Sermorelin provides a time-tested route to softly improve progress hormone ranges, whereas CJC-1295 (especially with DAC) supplies a robust long-acting increase.
    Consulting a healthcare provider is crucial to find out which peptide remedy is best for you. It works by binding to ghrelin receptors (GHS-R) in the pituitary, prompting the discharge of GH. In Contrast To other GH secretagogues, Ipamorelin has minimal effects on cortisol and prolactin, making it a safer choice for many users.
    This dual position underscores its significance in fostering optimal physical growth and metabolic equilibrium. Imbalances in growth hormone secretion can lead to various developmental disorders or metabolic irregularities, emphasizing its critical function in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Moreover, progress hormone actively participates in metabolic actions, enhancing the utilization of fats for vitality and sparing glucose. Development hormone (GH), produced by the pituitary gland, is an important peptide hormone that performs a central role in regulating growth, growth, and metabolic processes throughout the human physique. Skip therapy in case you have an energetic or latest cancer, uncontrolled diabetes, extreme heart illness, untreated endocrine problems, or in case you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Competitive athletes governed by the World Anti‑Doping Company (WADA) should note that Ipamorelin is on the Prohibited Listing and will trigger a ban.
    Then there are the other potential reactions like flushing, headaches, and feeling sick to your abdomen. Sublingual Sermorelin works but is mostly less effective than injections as a end result of absorption through the digestive system is less efficient. Sermorelin injections are administered subcutaneously utilizing a small insulin syringe. Correct reconstitution with bacteriostatic water is essential for each peptides to take care of potency and effectiveness. Whereas results range, Sermorelin is commonly finest for these centered on long-term, sustainable performance and restoration, not in a single day bulk or «dry» gains.
    When deciding between Sermorelin and Ipamorelin, it’s important to consider your specific well being needs and consult with a healthcare provider. They can provide steerage based mostly on your well being history, current condition, and personal goals for therapy. In the absence of knowledge from some other human medical trials, little else is thought about ipamorelin’s side effects and safety profile. A third key distinction between these two peptides is that sermorelin has handed human medical trials and acquired FDA approval — but this was subsequently withdrawn in 2008 [3].
    It stimulates the pituitary gland to naturally produce and launch GH, working closely with the body’s organic rhythms. Choosing between the 2 depends on therapy goals, facet effect tolerance, and particular person well being circumstances. Ipamorelin could also be most well-liked for focused advantages, while Sermorelin is best for long-term, steady GH help and anti-aging effects. Both peptides are usually well-tolerated, however medical supervision is necessary to regulate dosages and monitor unwanted side effects. Consulting a healthcare provider ensures a secure and tailored strategy to reaching optimal results.
    This interaction initiates the secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. Prepared to take management of your well being and experience the advantages of optimized hormone levels? At Huddle Men’s Well Being, we focus on personalized therapy plans that can help you really feel and perform at your best. Guide your free consultation at present and discover how ipamorelin therapy can assist your wellness journey.

  72. This 4 days golden triangle tour gives you a lifetime opportunity to explore colours of India. .This 4 days golden triangle tour gives you a lifetime opportunity to explore colours of India. This tour is perfect for those who wants to take a dip into rich Indian history, culture and traditions. A visit to the three historical cities Delhi, Agra and Jaipur will give you the most memorable moments of your life.

  73. This 5 days golden triangle tour gives you a lifetime opportunity to explore colours of India. .This 5 days golden triangle tour gives you a lifetime opportunity to explore colours of India. This tour is perfect for those who wants to take a dip into rich Indian history, culture and traditions. A visit to the three historical cities Delhi, Agra and Jaipur will give you the most memorable moments of your life.

  74. This 5 days golden triangle tour gives you a lifetime opportunity to explore colours of India. .This 5 days golden triangle tour gives you a lifetime opportunity to explore colours of India. This tour is perfect for those who wants to take a dip into rich Indian history, culture and traditions. A visit to the three historical cities Delhi, Agra and Jaipur will give you the most memorable moments of your life.

  75. This 4 days golden triangle tour gives you a lifetime opportunity to explore colours of India. .This 4 days golden triangle tour gives you a lifetime opportunity to explore colours of India. This tour is perfect for those who wants to take a dip into rich Indian history, culture and traditions. A visit to the three historical cities Delhi, Agra and Jaipur will give you the most memorable moments of your life.

ОСТАВЬТЕ ОТВЕТ

Пожалуйста, введите ваш комментарий!
пожалуйста, введите ваше имя здесь