По шкале справедливости: в Госдуме определили порог прогрессивного налогообложения в 150 тысяч рублей

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Эксперты рассказали, какое количество работающих граждан будет платить налог в 15% Поделиться

Для достижения большей справедливости в налогообложении власти планируют ввести прогрессивную шкалу, которая будет организована ступенчатым образом, в зависимости от размера зарплаты гражданина. За нижний порог прогрессивной шкалы НДФЛ предлагается взять размер двух среднемесячных зарплат в России, то есть не менее 150 тыс. рублей. Такой вывод можно сделать из полного текста рекомендаций Комитета по бюджету Госдумы по донастройке налоговой системы. 

По шкале справедливости: в Госдуме определили порог прогрессивного налогообложения в 150 тысяч рублей

фото: duma.gov.ru

В конце прошлого года Минфин начал работу по изменению шкалы НДФЛ и ставки налога на прибыль. Процесс заметно ускорился после призыва Президента России Владимира Путина «к более справедливому распределению налогового бремени», прозвучавшего в послании к Федеральному собранию в феврале. 

Напомним, что с 2001 года в России была установлена единая шкала налога для всех со ставкой в 13%. Она просуществовала 20 лет. Однако затем, по инициативе Президента России, была введена двухступенчатая система. Для граждан с доходами менее 5 млн руб. в год ставка осталась без изменений — 13%, а для остальных она выросла до 15%.

Но теперь власти решили немного модернизировать эту схему. «Важно, чтобы повышение налоговой нагрузки не касалось подавляющего большинства граждан, — подчеркивается в рекомендациях, опубликованных 26 мая на сайте Госдумы. — Поэтому, проанализировав все предложенные варианты, рекомендуется нижний порог шкалы установить исходя из дохода не менее чем в двукратном размере среднемесячной номинальной заработной платы по Российской Федерации». По данным Росстата, в январе среднемесячная номинальная зарплата в России составила чуть более 75 тыс. рублей, в феврале — свыше 78 тыс. рублей, то есть нижний порог прогрессивной шкалы НДФЛ коснется граждан, получающих доход более 150 тыс рублей в месяц. Согласно прогнозу Минэкономразвития, в 2024 году среднемесячная зарплата должна увеличиться до 83,6 тыс. рублей. Таким образом, доход человека, который должен будет платить более 13% налогов в будущем году, если поправки примут,  должен будет составлять около 167,2 тыс. рублей ежемесячно, или порядка 2 млн в год. 

ЧИТАТЬ ТАКЖЕ:  Новостройки у Москвы-реки подорожали за год на четверть

Предложенные порог для прогрессивной шкалы пойдет на пользу экономике и при этом коснутся сравнительно небольшого числа людей. Как напомнила  ведущий аналитик Freedom Finance Global Наталья Мильчакова, от внедрения повышенной ставки НДФЛ в 15% на доходы самых богатых россиян бюджет уже в первый год эксперимента получил на 7% больше поступлений от НДФЛ, чем до её внедрения. И это при том, что повышенная ставка НДФЛ затронула не более 2,5% от общего числа налогоплательщиков. После «донастройки» системы налогообложения физлиц бюджет, скорее всего, увеличит поступления от НДФЛ минимум на 10–15%. И это еще без учета ожидаемого повышения ставки налога на прибыль, а с ее учетом рост налоговых доходов бюджета будет еще больше. То есть речь пойдёт о дополнительных доходах бюджета минимум в триллион рублей. 

При этом коснется нововведение, если ориентироваться на данные Росстата, весьма небольшого числа соотечественников. Раз в два года это ведомство проводит оценку того, кто какие зарплаты получает. Последний раз анализ проводился в апреле 2023 года. «Если опираться на этот документ, то изменение налогового законодательства затронут 3,9% россиян точно, и еще порядка 13% окажутся под вопросом», — говорит старший вице–президент ИК Fontvielle Анастасия Хрусталева. Таким образом обещание министра финансов Силуанова, что абсолютного большинства россиян не коснутся налоговые изменения, окажется выполнено «с запасом».

При этом властями анонсируется, что в случае принятия нововведения налоги также будут направляться на конкретные цели — в частности, на социальные нацпроекты, объявленные президентом, подчеркнула эксперт. Все это позитивно отразится на экономике, а значит, в итоге и на благосостоянии всех россиян, независимо от размеров начисленных им налогов.

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