Названы последствия спора ФАС с Booking.com: цены на отели изменятся

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Отели как лучше

Арбитраж отклонил иск Booking.com к Федеральной антимонопольной службе (ФАС). Ранее регулятор оштрафовал крупнейший международный сервис бронирования отелей на 1,3 млрд руб. за нарушение закона о защите конкуренции. Первая попытка скостить хотя бы часть суммы у компании не увенчалась успехом, но, как считают юристы, представители «Букинга» не станут опускать руки. Связана ли атака на иностранный сервис с желанием освободить место на рынке для будущей национальной платформы и как эта история повлияет на интересы потребителей, разбирался «МК».

Названы последствия спора ФАС с Booking.com: цены на отели изменятся

В Booking.com попытались опротестовать штраф в размере 1,3 млрд рублей. Ранее антимонопольщики установили, что сервис навязывал российским гостиницам обязательное «предоставление и соблюдение паритета цен и номеров, а также условия взаимодействия с закрытыми группами пользователей». Арбитражный суд Москвы отклонил иск компании к ФАС.

Напомним, ФАС России еще в декабре 2020-го завершила рассмотрение антимонопольного дела в отношении сервиса Booking.com. Возбуждено оно было на основании обращения Общероссийской общественной организации малого и среднего предпринимательства «Опора России». В рамках этого дела 26 августа ФАС наложила на компанию оборотный штраф на 1,3 млрд руб.

Между тем известно, что российские власти намерены развивать собственную систему бронирования отелей по аналогу западного сервиса Booking. Это должна быть новая ИТ-платформа, которая будет управлять средствами размещения в российских гостиницах. Реализовать ее планируют к концу 2024 года. В связи с этим получила хождение конспирологическая версия о том, что действия властей в отношении компании с иностранными корнями — это попытка освободить место на нашем рынке для будущего национального оператора.

«МК» связался с отечественными представителями рынка, чтобы узнать их мнение относительно ситуации с «Букингом». «Мы традиционно не комментируем происходящее с другими компаниями и действия регулятора», — сказали в одной компании. Ответ представителей другой компании не сильно отличался: «Мы не комментируем негативные ситуации в жизни и работе наших партнеров и конкурентов».

Доля отечественных платформ на рынке бронирования слишком мала — у Booking.com это 80%, у остальных — 20%, говорит руководитель юридической практики компании «Интерцессия» Кирилл Стус. По его словам, российские платформы для бронирования могут забирать на себя часть клиентов, но западная система однозначно продавливает более низкую стоимость у отелей. Именно это обстоятельство послужило поводом для штрафа со стороны ФАС.

«Booking.com устанавливает по сути монопольные правила игры, тем самым выдавливая других участников. И потому конкурировать с этой компанией российским сервисам сложно, — отмечает эксперт. — Если в России прецедент с Booking.com в какой-то степени — это попытка создать преимущественные условия для отечественных сервисов, то в этом нет ничего удивительного. Многие государства стараются продвигать интересы своих национальных компаний».

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Между тем установка на то, что отельеры должны выполнять условия сервиса бронирований, действительно, не устраивает многие страны, которые ранее уже предпринимали определенные шаги против Booking.com. Например, в Турции заказ отеля через этот сервис закрыт — то есть номер нельзя заказать, находясь в этой стране. А в ряде европейских государств действует запрет на понятие «паритет цен» применительно к туристическому рынку, так как это ущемляет интересы участников отельного бизнеса. В частности, такая формулировка не применяется в Австрии, Бельгии, Франции, Италии. И там Booking.com не действует настолько масштабно, давая возможность работать на рынке другим участникам.

Отклонение иска агрегатора к ФАС — абсолютно предсказуемая история, считает профессор кафедры менеджмента и сервиса Института отраслевого менеджмента РАНХиГС Галина Дехтярь. «Booking.com выбил у гостиниц максимально возможные скидки, — говорит она. — С начала пандемии все больше людей стали планировать путешествия без помощи туроператора. В отрасли наступил кризис, а доверия к Booking.com стало больше. Целевая аудитория ушла от наших игроков».

Однозначно можно утверждать, что компания будет и дальше пытаться доказывать правоту в суде, но, скорее всего, речь пойдет уже о сумме штрафа, а не предмете разбирательства, а именно — о принципе «паритета цен», полагает ведущий юрист «Парфенона» Павел Уткин. «Выплатить даже полный штраф компании не составит труда, — говорит он. — Но здесь нужно понимать, что так вести дела, как делал холдинг в последнее время, уже не получится — это может повлечь за собой полную блокировку сервиса. А компании-конкуренты с удовольствием займут освободившуюся часть рынка».

Если говорить о последствиях этого спора для потребителей, то, по словам управляющего партнера агентства B&C Марка Шермана, для клиентов важно получить как можно больше предложений по максимально доступной цене. «Поведение Booking будет зависеть от того, насколько для него важен российский рынок, но в любом случае чем более конкурентным будет рынок бронирования мест в гостиницах, тем лучше для потребителя», — подытожил он.

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