Искусственная сетчатка из перовскита сумела распознать рукописный текст

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Искусственная сетчатка из перовскита сумела распознать рукописный текст

В Научно-технологическом университете имени короля Абдуллы (Саудовская Аравия) разработали прототип нейроморфного оптического сенсора, который моделирует работу сетчатки человеческого глаза. Главное достоинство этой технологии в том, что она потребляет минимум энергии. В отличие от существующих фоторецепторов она работает в пассивном режиме и активируется только непосредственно при облучении чувствительного слоя датчика.

В основе искусственной сетчатки лежит замечательный материал перовскит, который чрезвычайно эффективно поглощает свет (поэтому перовскит является ключевым материалом в современных экспериментах с солнечной энергетикой — прим. ред. Техкульт). Частички перовскита поместили в прозрачный гель, который уложили между двумя пластинами, выполняющими одновременно функции корпуса и электродов. В верхней пластине проделали ряд отверстий для имитации структуры колбочек и палочек в сетчатке живого глаза.

При освещении пластины фотоны попадают на определенные участки геля с перовскитом, что порождает электрические импульсы. Для их обработки к искусственной сетчатке подключили CMOS и нейросеть с 100 выходными нейронами. По итогам серии опытов выяснилось, что система реагирует на свет почти так же, как реальная сетчатка, а лучше всего она различает зеленый свет. Точность реакции оказалась такой, что размашистый рукописный текст система распознавала в 72 % случаев.

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Еще исследователей порадовал тот факт, что спустя 120 недель искусственная сетчатка не показала никаких признаков деградации. Увы, технология не подходит для создания имплантов, зато она имеет широкие перспективы в области машинного зрения. Нейроморфные датчики, вполне вероятно, со временем придут на смену нынешним камерам в качестве органов зрения у роботов и других автономных систем.

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