«Критичность ситуации определяет время поломки» Поделиться
Россия во вторник вечером пережила массовый сбой в работе интернета. Все говорят о «масштабной поломке» в доменной зоне RU. По сообщениям в соцсетях, не открывались популярные сайты, приложения различных сервисов. Журналисты отмечают, что многие сайты с доменом .ru не открываются в Европе.
Согласно заявлению Минцифры, сейчас ведутся работы по восстановлению российских DNS-хостингов. Однако от повторения таких ситуаций в будущем никто не застрахован. За объяснением причины сбоя мы обратились к эксперту по кибербезопасности. Наш эксперт назвал происходящее не хакерской атакой, а сбоем в программном обеспечении.
– Ситуация масштабная, а критичность ситуации определит время поломки, – объяснил «МК» директор и партнер ИТ-резерв (Интеллектуальный резерв) Павел Мясоедов. – Если это будет продолжаться 30 минут, час, 1, 5 – это одна история. Если это будет продолжаться более 5 часов, то удар по бизнесу, может быть, очень серьезный.
У каждого объекта глобальной мировой паутина есть уникальный IP адрес. У вашего компьютера, у сервера, на котором расположен сайт, у любой цифровой камеры или умного холодильника, у любого объекта, который подключен к интернету. При этом, когда мы хотим перейти на известный нам сайт, вбиваем текстовые символы – так называемый адрес сайта. Дальше он направляется на такую промежуточную прослойку, которая называется DNS-хостинг. Далее адрес сайта сопоставляется с уникальными IP-адресами в этом DNS-хостинге, который представляет из себя записную книжку, после этого он отправляет ваш компьютер непосредственно туда, куда вы хотели пройти.
Когда DNS-хостинг выходит из строя, наш компьютер не может выйти на нужный сайт, потому что он не знает, по какому IP-адресу идти. При этом сайты остаются рабочими. Более того, в России существует несколько DNS-хостингов. Если, например, вышла одна половина из строя, то другая половина должна работать. В зависимости от интернет-провайдера, ваш браузер стучится либо в один хостинг, либо – в другой. Поэтому некоторые сайты сегодня открывались, а некоторые нет. Или с мобильной связи открывается сайт, а через Wi-Fi – нет.
При таких падениях в первую очередь испытывают неудобства обыватели. Бизнес-сообщество испытывает проблемы с оплатой. Но при этом данные остаются не тронутыми.
– Как часто такие инциденты происходят, по вашей оценке?
– Раз в год, раз в полгода. Они бывали и за рубежом. Вопрос в том, что на этот раз сегодня сбой был вообще масштабным, потому что все практически доменные имена «.ru» одномоментно перестали быть доступными. И, может быть сбои связаны с расширением DNS-секьюрити (DNSSec). Это расширение анализирует данные перед отправкой пользователю. То есть, вы постучались на сайт, DNS-хостинг проверил данные, которые идут вам на компьютер и после этого вы продолжили свою сессию. Это своеобразный защитный механизм DNS-хостингов. Это не хакерская атака, а сбои в программном обеспечении того, или иного расширения. Такое происходит и в международном доменном имени первого уровня com.
– Вы лично пострадали от сегодняшнего сбоя?
– Мои транзакции на сегодня уже были закончены. Если бы мы не успели осуществить какие-то платежи, то было бы очень плохо. По счастью, сбой случился уже после окончания нашего рабочего дня. В остальном – не могу зайти на какие-то сайты. Но это уже мои личные проблемы.
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