Эксперты объяснили рост доходов населения бюджетным импульсом Минфина и напомнили, когда он закончится Поделиться
Реальные располагаемые доходы населения в первом квартале этого года увеличились на 5,8%. Такие данные приводит Росстат в докладе «Социально-экономическое положение России». По данным ведомства, доходы россиян выросли за счет увеличения зарплат, которые по итогам февраля выросли почти на 11%. Связан ли этот рост только с вливаниями в военное производство, у кого сократились доходы вопреки общей тенденции и когда зарплаты россиян прекратят расти, несмотря на кадровый голод, «МК» рассказали эксперты.

В номинальном выражении средняя реальная зарплата, то есть доход, который получает гражданин после уплаты налогов и сборов, за февраль достигла 78,4 тыс. рублей. Она увеличилась на 10,8%, утверждает Росстат, что очень сильно повлияло на общие реальные располагаемые доходы населения. За период с января по март они возросли на 5,8%.
Однако эксперты разошлись во мнениях о том, насколько равномерным является данный рост и все ли россияне чувствуют увеличение своего благосостояния. «Рост доходов населения происходит неравномерно, — утверждает профессор Финансового университета при Правительстве РФ Александр Сафонов. — Во-первых, индексация пенсий в первом квартале для лиц, получающих социальную пенсию не производилась. Она обычно бывает в апреле. А вот страховые пенсии были проиндексированы на 7,5% с 1 января. Во-вторых, разная картина и для бюджетников: с 1 января 2024 года проводится индексация зарплат бюджетникам в размере 9,8% в сферах образования, здравоохранения, соцобеспечения, культуры и науки; для остальных работников бюджетных отраслей индексация только предстоит с 1 октября на 4,5%». По разному складывается динамика доходов в и коммерческих отраслях. Все зависит от потребительского спроса. Если он есть, то появляется возможность индексации. Если нет, то зарплаты остаются на прежнем уровне. Есть отрасли с низкими уровнями оплаты труда и ее низкими темпами роста: ЖКХ, почта, сельское хозяйство, ремонтные услуги. В этих отраслях средняя зарплата находится на уровне 43-46 тыс. рублей, указал эксперт.
Однако есть и другая точка зрения. По словам доцента кафедры финансов устойчивого развития Российского экономического университета имени Г.В.Плеханова Ольги Романченко, в отчете Росстата можно увидеть, что в целой группе отраслей, причем не связанных с военно-промышленным комплексом (ВПК) напрямую, зарплаты выросли вполне ощутимо:
— на 23,4 % в строительстве;
— на 25,8 в финансовой и страховой деятельности;
— на 29,2% в области спорта, отдыха и развлечений;
— на 24,6% деятельность автомобильного грузового транспорта и услуги по перевозкам;
— на 23,9% обрабатывающие производства.
«В России действительно фиксируется и рост экономики, и увеличение доходов населения, и рост зарплат, — продолжает разговор главный научный сотрудник Института экономики РАН Игорь Николаев. — Все это является неизбежным следствием той политики, которая проводится правительством — бюджетного стимулирования экономики. Это следствие и гонки зарплат в корпоративном секторе, которая началась из-за дефицита кадров, хотя ежемесячные оклады растут не у всех одинаково».
Ощущение, что доходы увеличиваются только у тех, кто связан с ВПК или со сложными профессиями, к примеру, с IT-сектором, не совсем верное. Если посмотреть на цифры Росстата, то зарплаты ощутимо выше инфляции выросли много где ещё. Напоминаю, что для того, чтобы хорошо работал ВПК, должны увеличатся заказы у металлургических и обрабатывающих предприятий. ВПК — это мультипликатор экономики, от него, как круги по воде, эффект расходится и на другие отрасли.
Есть области деятельности, где рост зарплат выше ожиданий, и даже больше, чем в среднем по стране, причем они не связаны напрямую ни с IT-сектором, ни с ВПК. Например, в сфере обработки древесины в феврале 2024 года зарплаты выросли почти на 31% в годовом выражении, в производстве пищевых продуктов — на 24,3%, а в сфере информации и связи — на 27,5%, в деятельности в области спорта и развлечений — 29,2%. Так что в России действительно наблюдается рост зарплат и он ощутимый практически везде. Конечно, если вычесть инфляцию, то он будет меньше, но все равно заметно выше темпов роста цен. Поэтому ощущение, что бенефициарами роста экономики стали только предприятия ВПК или IT-сектор, неверно. По данным Росстата, зарплаты снизились только в деятельности, связанной с водным транспортом: там уменьшение сразу на 13,3%. Но это исключение.
Тем не менее, нужно трезво оценивать сложившуюся ситуацию и не впадать в излишний оптимизм. «У нас в целом антикризисная политика — это бюджетное стимулирование, — пояснил Николаев. — Сейчас масса денег впрыскивается в экономику. Естественно, значительная их часть доходит до работников в виде зарплат. Это то, что Минфин называется бюджетным импульсом». Судя по трехлетнему бюджету, который принят, 2024 год — последний, когда будет действовать этот бюджетный импульс. В 2025 году расходы госказны не только не вырастут, а должны снизиться сразу на 6%, так что с большой вероятностью такой рост зарплат, несмотря даже на кадровый голод, уже очень скоро будет затухать, предупредил эксперт.

















































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Creatine is probably certainly one of the most generally used dietary supplements by fitness lovers and athletes.
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