Череда взрывов на газовых терминалах США грозит изменить мировой энергетический рынок

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Аварии на американских заводах усугубляют топливную голодовку Европы Поделиться

Соединенные Штаты, которые еще недавно соперничали с Катаром и Австралией за первое место среди мировых экспортеров сжиженного природного газа, резко утратили свои позиции. Виной тому стала целая череда необъяснимых аварий на профильных американских заводах, обеспечивающих «голубым топливом» главным образом европейских потребителей. О «руке Кремля», с которой Белый Дом привык связывать большинство собственных экономических промахов, пока речи не идет, но не исключено, что именно таким образом Вашингтон скоро начнет объяснять произошедшие технологические эксцессы. В свою очередь, российские эксперты не верят в конспирологические теории, отмечая, что за счет таинственного выхода из строя добывающего оборудования американцы собираются оправдать свою неспособность заменить российский газ на мировом рынке.

Череда взрывов на газовых терминалах США грозит изменить мировой энергетический рынок

Неприятности американских производителей сжиженного газа стартовали в начале июня со взрыва на терминале Freepor на острове Кинтана в Техасе. В первых комментариях спасательных служб и владельцев комплекса говорилось о «небольшом трехнедельном» ремонте, посте которого объект возобновит работу, однако затем последовали заявления о запуске объекта в более поздние сроки.

Спустя ровно месяц из строя по тем же причинам было выведено аналогичное профильное предприятие OneOk в оклахомском Медфорде. Хотя завод находится вне городской черты, из-за взрыва пришлось эвакуировать в подземные убежища практически всех окрестных жителей. Причем, по словам очевидцев, поглотившее промышленные установки пламя было настолько масштабным, что возник вопрос уже не о кратковременном ремонте, а в принципе о дальнейшей эксплуатации производственных агрегатов, которые «выгорели полностью». Трагедия в Оклахоме произошла практически одновременно с крупной аварией в техасском городе Монт-Белвье, где вследствие взрыва и дальнейшего возгорания подземного трубопровода, было серьезно повреждено хранилище сжиженного природного газа компании Lone Star.

Как разъясняют американские аварийные службы, причины произошедших аварий до конца не уточнены — где-то подрядчик не соблюдал правила технической безопасности, в других случаях якобы сыграли негативную роль природные катаклизмы. Хорошо хоть то, что пожары и взрывы, некоторые из которых были приравнены к землетрясениям с последующим присвоением соответствующей магнитуды, не унесли человеческих жизней. Правда, запуск в дальнейшую эксплуатацию большинства потрадавших производственных объектов уже отложен до конца года.

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«Даже такие отсрочки больше похожи на спекуляцию, на попытку успокоить внутренних потребителей СПГ. Планы по реабилитации заводов выглядят неоправданно оптимистичными, поскольку помимо серьезных трудозатрат для решения ремонтных задач потребуются значительные инвестиции, за которыми владельцы разрушенных предприятий, скорее всего, обратятся к правительственным органам», — отмечает замглавы Фонда национальной энергетической безопасности Алексей Гривач.

Наибольшие опасения связаны с заводом Freeport, на который приходится около 20% переработки американского газа, предназначенного для экспорта. До аварии предприятие перерабатывало не менее 15 млн тонн СПГ в год. Потери мирового энергетического рынка вследствие закрытия предприятия будут составлять около 1,2 млн тонн ежемесячно, которых будет особенно не хватать в наступающем отопительном сезоне как внутренним, так и зарубежным потребителям топлива.

Стоит отметить, что начиная с мая, Европа превратилась в главный пункт назначения поставок американского СПГ: на страны Старого Света приходится две трети суммарного экспорта сжиженного топлива. «Симптоматичен тот факт, что несчастные случаи на заокеанских производственных объектах пришлись аккурат на период обострения топливного дефицита в странах Европы, обеспечить которые Вашингтон обвешал на сравнимых с российскими поставками уровне, — отмечает инвестиционный стратег УК «Арикапитал» Сергей Суверов. — Теперь у Белого Дома появился обоснованный повод оправдать собственную топливную несостоятельность: мол, аварии помешали».

При этом, по словам аналитика, обвинить Москву в каких-либо диверсиях нашим недоброжелателям будет затруднительно. Однако, прослеживается любопытная цепочка: в результате аварий выходят из строя заводы по производству СПГ, предназначенного для отправки в Европу. Высвободившиеся объемы остаются в США, что приводит к снижению цен на местном рынке. В то же время, энергетическое положение в странах ЕС, которые ранее рассчитывали на получение топлива от американских производителей, напротив, только усугубляется.

7 КОММЕНТАРИИ

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